World Civ B Final Exam 2nd Term 2011-12 study guide

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True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

It was extremely expensive to become a knight.

Muslims believe that Allah is the same God as in the Jewish and Christian traditions.

The need for clocks decreased after industrialization.

Only samurai men were allowed to enter into war even though samurai women were also trained from a young age.

Muhammad considered Abraham, Moses, and Jesus to be messengers from God.

The record of Muhammad’s behavior and teachings known as jihad provides Muslims with guidance in daily life.

Muslims must pray toward Mecca five times daily.

Samurai women were allowed to inherit property, participate in business, and train like men.

Medieval tournaments were relatively mild events, little battle actually occurred, and no one was ever in danger of being hurt.

10.

The Age of Exploration was driven in large part by the search for wealth.

11.

Jesus is considered a prophet in the Islamic religion.

12.

Spanish colonization of the Americas resulted in the deaths of millions of Native Americans from overwork, epidemic diseases, and mistreatment on plantations.

13.

Many enslaved Africans coped with inhumane conditions by trying to keep their cultural traditions alive.

14.

Sepuku is a samurai tradition of honoring an opponent’s life by cutting off their head after battle.

15.

All knights kept to the code of chivalry and protected the lower classes.

16.

Under Muslim rule, Christians and Jews were forced to convert to Islam.

17.

The first African slaves were captured by European colonists.

18.

The world’s first major movement toward industrialization began in England (Great Britain).

19.

As a result of the Crusades, most Jews and Muslims in the Holy Land came to see Christians as invaders.

20.

Fires and the spread of disease were constant threats in medieval cities.

21.

About 10 million people, or one sixth of Europe’s population, died during the years of the plague.

22.

The Reformation ended when Martin Luther was excommunicated from the Catholic Church.

23.

In the 19th century, steam engines were mainly used to remove pollutants from the air.

24.

Violence was relatively uncommon in medieval cities, although pickpockets freely roamed city streets.

25.

Some Meccans did not accept Muhammad’s teachings because he told them that their idol worship was sinful.

26.

The telephone, light bulb, automobile, and motion pictures were all 19th century inventions.

27.

The Spanish were the first to commission large scale explorations of other lands.

28.

Slave labor declined in the Americas as a result of the Age of Exploration.

29.

Indentured servants from Europe were “slaves” in North America before the Africans.

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

30.

During the Industrial Revolution, Samuel Slater used this illegal act to bring textile machine designs to the United States.

a.	assembly copying	c.	industrial espionage
b.	spinning	d.	power looming

31.

The Justinian Code was made up of which of the following works?

a.	The Institutes	c.	The Digest
b.	The Novellae	d.	All of the above

32.

Planters in the Americas began to use African slaves for labor because

a.	African slaves were less expensive than Native American slaves.
b.	they believed Native Americans were not human.
c.	Aztecs refused to work on plantations.
d.	disease had killed millions of Native Americans.

33.

Henry the VIII called the Reformation Parliament because he wanted to:

a.	all of the above	c.	end the Pope’s power in England
b.	divorce his wife Catherine	d.	gain a male heir to the throne

34.

Which of the following was a Roman emperor that decided to move the capital of the Roman Empire to the old port city of Byzantium?

a.	Justinian	c.	Caesar
b.	Constantine	d.	Belisarius

35.

Under the system of feudalism, a person who owed service to a lord was called a:

a.	vassal	c.	troubador
b.	peasant	d.	clergy

36.

These were huge estates in the Americas that grew cash crops such as sugar cane and tobacco.

a.	manors	c.	fiefs
b.	crop farms	d.	plantations

37.

The largest number of slaves were taken to Portuguese Brazil to work on what type of plantation?

a.	cocoa	c.	cotton
b.	sugar	d.	tobacco

38.

About 10,000 workers were hired to create this magnificent building, boasting the world’s largest dome at the time. Its name literally means “Holy Wisdom”in Greek.

a.	St. Peter’s Basilica	c.	Hagia Sophia
b.	none of the above	d.	The Blue Mosque

39.

This is a person that objects to the use of icons. The word literally means “icon breakers.”

a.	hippodrome	c.	macedonian
b.	iconic	d.	iconoclast

40.

During the Renaissance, artists used myths of these ancient cultures for inspiration in their paintings and sculptures.

a.	Spartan and Venitian	c.	Greek and Italian
b.	Roman and Egyptian	d.	Roman and Greek

41.

Which of the following people groups overtook Constantinople in 1453 and later renamed the city Istanbul?

a.	Ottoman Turks	c.	Romans
b.	Persians	d.	Macedonians

42.

Michelangelo painted this structure, considered by some experts the greatest work of art ever commissioned.

a.	the Sistine Chapel	c.	the Notre Dame Cathedral
b.	the Hagia Sophia	d.	the Cathedral of Florence

43.

Why were many of the written works created during the Early Middle Ages religious texts?

a.	Few people were very religious.
b.	Most people did not enjoy reading epics or romances.
c.	People did not care about secular topics.
d.	Few people outside of the clergy could read and write.

44.

What term is used for a complex set of ideals that demanded a knight display courage in battle, loyalty to their lord, and fight for three masters?

a.	feudalism	c.	tithe
b.	iconoclast	d.	chivalry

45.

According to the map titled “Expansion of Islam, 632–760,” Islam had spread to western Europe by

a.	AD 661.	c.	AD 632.
b.	705 BC.	d.	AD 750.

46.

According to the map titled “Expansion of Islam, 632–760,” which of the following was part of Islamic territory by 661?

a.	Kabul	c.	Cairo
b.	Constantinople	d.	Córdoba

47.

According to the map titled “Expansion of Islam, 632–760,” by 661 Islamic lands encompassed

a.	all of northern Africa, Spain, Persia, and the Arabian Peninsula.
b.	approximately half the Arabian Peninsula.
c.	most of Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula, and Persia.
d.	only the area around Media and Mecca.

48.

According to the map titled “The Slave Trade,” where were most slave forts located?

a.	the Middle Passage	c.	the Cape of Good Hope
b.	the west coast of Africa	d.	Brazil

49.

According to the map titled “The Slave Trade,” the greatest number of African slaves were taken to

a.	the British West Indies.	c.	British North America.
b.	the French West Indies.	d.	Brazil.

50.

According to the map titled “The Slave Trade,” the British imported approximately how many slaves to their colonies?

a.	9 million	c.	2.1 million
b.	3.6 million	d.	1.7 million

51.

At the time of Muhammad’s birth, what brought religious pilgrims to Mecca?

a.	the variety of mosques	c.	the Ka’aba, a holy shrine
b.	the Dome of the Rock	d.	the House of Wisdom

52.

How many organized Crusades set out from Europe between 1096 and 1291?

a.	nine	c.	four
b.	three	d.	seven

53.

Who was responsible for starting the Nika Rebellion in Constantinople?

a.	Belisarius and his army	c.	Muslim raiders from North Africa
b.	Gangs of chariot race supporters	d.	Gangs of bear keepers

54.

What was the name of the giant chariot racing stadium that existed in Constantinople during the rule of Justinian?

a.	The Hippodrome	c.	The Coliseum
b.	The Horse Pathway	d.	The Hagia Sophia

55.

This painter would be considered a Renaissance Man and produced the Last Supper and the Mona Lisa.

a.	Michelangelo Buonarroti	c.	Raphael Sanzio
b.	Leonardo da Vinci	d.	Baldassare Castiglione

56.

Which of the following was NOT a way the city of Constantinople defended itself?

a.	the Golden Horn chain	c.	13 miles of thick walls surrounding the city
b.	All of the above were defenses of Constantinople	d.	Bombard canons on the city wall towers

57.

Which of the following did not increase after the Industrial Revolution?

a.	environmental pollution	c.	production of goods
b.	population of rural areas	d.	factories

58.

During Ramadan, Muslims are required to

a.	follow the lessons in the Sunna.
b.	make a pilgrimage to Mecca.
c.	read the Qur’an.
d.	go without food or drink from dawn to dusk.

59.

During the Third Crusade, what historic event occurred in the city of Acre that infuriated Muslim troops and caused extreme distrust among Christians and Muslims?

a.	Alexius Comnenus sent knights to capture the Muslim sultan	c.	Saladin trapped and killed crusading children
b.	Christian soldiers burned the Sacred Mosque in Jerusalem	d.	Christian knights slaughtered innocent Muslims

60.

Some Meccans did not accept Muhammad’s teachings because he

a.	refused to share the angel’s message.
b.	told them to give up their polytheistic beliefs.
c.	had a career as a merchant.
d.	chose to live in Yathrib.

“The stench of the hold. . . was so intolerably loathsome, that it was dangerous to remain there for any time. . . The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate. . . almost suffocated us. . . The shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered the whole scene of horror almost inconceivable.”

—Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, 1789

61.

In the passage by Olaudah Equiano, he describes

a.	plantation life.	c.	an encomienda.
b.	a slave ship.	d.	indentured servitude.

62.

A samurai who was defeated in battle was expected to do which of the following?

a.	commit ritualistic suicide called seppuku	c.	pledge his services the victorious daimyo
b.	commit bushido in the presence of other samurai	d.	lose his rank of samurai and become a peasant farmer

63.

Which of the following was not a circumstance that was weakening the Catholic Church leading up to the Reformation?

a.	the popes spent extravagant amounts of money	c.	printing press was spreading secular ideas
b.	the clergy drank and gambled	d.	a strong central authority in Germany

64.

A common misconception about slavery is that

a.	Southern plantation owners hated all Africans.	c.	all answers are correct.
b.	Northern colonists wanted to free all of the slaves.	d.	most African slaves worked within the English colonies.

65.

What purpose did the castle serve in medieval times?

a.	protection for the manor	c.	all answers are correct
b.	sign of status among lords	d.	home of the lord and lady

66.

Which of the following is NOT a reason that Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to the east?

a.	To relocate the Vatican City and papal authority to the east	c.	To be closer to the wealthy eastern estates
b.	To escape the danger of invasions from Germanic tribes	d.	To create a more defensible city within Constantinople

67.

Which two inventions revolutionized mounted combat technology in Europe during the 700s?

a.	the sword and shield	c.	the spear and lance
b.	the mace and trebuchet	d.	the saddle and stirrup

68.

During this historic meeting, the Catholic and Protestant German princes came to an agreement that each prince would chose the religion of his state:

a.	Peace of Augsburg	c.	Magna Carta
b.	Edict of Worms	d.	Treaty of Verdun

69.

Which of the following was not an effect of the bubonic plague?

a.	The manor system collapsed as people left their manors	c.	Anti-Semitic beliefs increased in Europe
b.	Europe and China both lost 1/3 of their populations	d.	The Pope gained power as people turned to the church for help

“But now that our men had possession of the walls and towers, wonderful sights were to be seen. Some of our men (and this was more merciful) cut off the heads of their enemies; others shot them with arrows, so that they fell from the towers; others tortured them longer by casting them into the flames. . . Indeed, it was a just and splendid judgment of God that this place should be filled with the blood of the unbelievers, since it had suffered so long from their blasphemies.”

—Raymond d’Aguilers, quoted in The First Crusade, edited by Edward Peters

70.

The primary source passage written by Raymond d’Aguilers

a.	represents the opinion and attitude of a resident of the city of Jerusalem.
b.	represents the opinion and attitude of a Crusader.
c.	was written about events of the Third Crusade.
d.	does not indicate bias.

“Do not argue with the followers of earlier revelation otherwise than in a most kindly manner–unless it be such of them as are bent on evil-doing–and say: ‘We believe in that which has been bestowed from on high upon us, as well as that which has been bestowed upon you; for our God and your God is one and the same.’”

--Qur’an 29:46

71.

Read the passage from the Qur’an. The “followers of earlier revelation” are Jews and Christians, illustrating that Muslims believe that

a.	there is more than one true God.
b.	Jews and Christians worship idols.
c.	Jews and Christians worship a different God than Allah.
d.	Jews, Christians, and Muslims worship the same God.

72.

Which of the following people led the French to victory in the Hundred Year’s War after claiming the saints had given them visions of leading the French forces?

a.	Charlemagne	c.	Joan of Arc
b.	Charles Martel	d.	Empress Theodora

73.

According to Chivalric code, knights were supposed to protect which group of people?

a.	the church	c.	the weak
b.	the lord	d.	all of the above

74.

These were pictures created using tiny colored tiles of glass, stone, or clay fitted together and cemented in place. They were often used to depict human subjects such as saints or emperors.

a.	Icons	c.	Iconoclasts
b.	Sagas	d.	Mosaics

75.

This was a sustained period of renewed interest and remarkable developments in art, literature, science, and learning. In French, the term literally means “rebirth.”

a.	Secular	c.	Humanism
b.	Renaissance	d.	Vernacular

76.

Before the Industrial Revolution, this was the way textiles were produced.

a.	power looming	c.	weaving
b.	farming	d.	cottage industry

77.

An English playwright considered by many to be the greatest of all time, this man focused on the lives of realistic characters that would appeal to even the uneducated person.

a.	Dante	c.	Chaucer
b.	Johann Gutenberg	d.	Shakespeare

78.

How did Charlemagne ensure that his counts remained loyal and did their jobs well?

a.	by fighting wars with unruly counts.
b.	by setting up a system of rewards and punishments administered by inspectors
c.	by replacing all local rulers with members of the Carolingian family
d.	by sending monks to convert them to Christianity

79.

This painter would be considered a Renaissance Man and produced the Last Supper and the Mona Lisa.

a.	Baldassare Castiglione	c.	Raphael Sanzio
b.	Leonardo da Vinci	d.	Michelangelo Buonarroti

80.

Vikings began raiding northern Europe because

a.	Viking farmers could not grow enough food.
b.	they wanted to stop attacks on Scandinavia.
c.	they wanted to spread their religion.
d.	Viking villages needed more gold.

81.

This played a key role in the Age of Exploration because it allowed sailors to know which direction was North at all times.

a.	caravel	c.	textile
b.	compass	d.	astrolabe

82.

Which of the following siege weapons was used like a giant slingshot and could hurl objects such as dead horses up to 980 feet?

a.	caltrip	c.	mangonel
b.	trebuchet	d.	battering ram

83.

What port city did Constantine rebuild to create the city of Constantinople?

a.	Adrianople	c.	Byzantium
b.	Rome	d.	Istanbul

84.

Although they were not slaves, these people were legally bound to the manor they were worked on and could not leave without permission.

a.	serfs	c.	vassals
b.	troubadors	d.	peasants

85.

This word means having a worldly focus rather than a spiritual one:

a.	utopia	c.	secular
b.	vernacular	d.	renaissance

86.

Where was Mecca located?

a.	at the mouth of the Nile River
b.	in the largest oasis of the Sinai Desert
c.	on the Arabian Peninsula near the Mediterranean Sea
d.	on the Arabian Peninsula near the Red Sea

87.

The correct order of the “Triangle Trade” would be

a.	slaves to Africa, goods to Europe, products to America	c.	slaves to America, goods to Africa, goods to Europe
b.	slaves to Europe, products to Africa, goods to America	d.	goods to Africa, slaves to America, products to Europe

88.

Both Geoffrey Chaucer and Dante Alighieri wrote in

a.	German.	c.	calligraphy.
b.	Latin.	d.	the vernacular.

89.

The Children’s crusade was started by a young shepherd named Steven in France. Several thousand children joined him on a quest to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims. What happened to most of the children on this crusade?

a.	they were tricked and sold into slavery	c.	they were stopped by the Pope in Rome
b.	most of the children returned to their home	d.	they were successful in taking the city

90.

Factory jobs during the Industrial Revolution were largely occupied by

a.	men and their sons	c.	teenage boys
b.	older men	d.	women and children

91.

What is another name for the plague that devastated Europe in the mid-1300s?

a.	the Medieval Massacre	c.	the Mongol Hordes
b.	the Black Death	d.	the Human Scourge

92.

The pope excommunicated all Crusaders taking part in the Fourth Crusade because they:

a.	demanded payment for their services during the Crusades.
b.	worshipped idols and prayed to icons.
c.	attacked a Christian city to pay their passage to the Holy Land.
d.	massacred entire communities of Jews in Europe.

93.

Which of the following was an impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on the “New World?”

a.	generations of African leaders disappeared	c.	slave labor helped colonies thrive
b.	firearms led to increased violence	d.	the Aztecs gained power over European colonists

94.

To become a shogun in feudal Japan, a samurai must

a.	inherit land from the Emperor	c.	own a large tract of land
b.	use firearms as an advantage	d.	defeat the current shogun in battle

95.

A Muslim who states, “There is no god but God [Allah], and Muhammad is the messenger of God,” has fulfilled the

a.	first pillar of Islam.	c.	Ten Commandments.
b.	giving of alms.	d.	pilgrimage to Mecca.

96.

The Muslim place of worship is called a

a.	mosque.	c.	Kaaba.
b.	hadith.	d.	minaret.

97.

This person was given the credit for inventing the printing press, an invention that would revolutionize Europe as it allowed literacy rates to dramatically increase.

a.	Machiavelli	c.	Johann Gutenberg
b.	Leonardo da Vinci	d.	Jan van Eyck

98.

Which of the following means “way of the warrior” and was a strict code of ethics for the samurai in feudal Japan?

a.	meiji	c.	daimyo
b.	bushido	d.	shogun

99.

After having his revelations, Muhammad left Mecca because

a.	the Kaaba had been destroyed.
b.	he believed Allah commanded him to do so.
c.	his teachings made it unsafe for him to stay there.
d.	he wanted to spread his message.

100.

Which of the following was an effect of the Crusades?

a.	Knights gained political power.
b.	Muslims gained trust for Christians.
c.	European kings gained more political power.
d.	Important trade routes were destroyed.

101.

Martin Luther reacted to the sale of “pardons for sin” when he posted the 95 Theses. What was were these pardons called?

a.	protestants	c.	tithes
b.	indulgences	d.	lutherans

102.

The Samurai way of life consisted of

a.	trading with European powers and receiving monetary payment for their services
b.	a strict code of ethics called Bushido focused around meditation and training
c.	building castles for the emperor and fighting using Zen Buddhism
d.	fighting constant wars and working their way to the title of emperor

103.

Who was the Muslim leader who retained control of the Holy Land during the Third Crusade and eventually created a truce between Christians and Muslims?

a.	Al-Jeffrin	c.	Gabriel
b.	Muhammad	d.	Saladin

104.

Many Native Americans helped Hernan Cortés because

a.	they had intermarried with Spanish explorers.
b.	the Aztec rituals were “unpopular” with those they had conquered.
c.	they had been converted to Christianity.
d.	they resented paying tribute to the Aztec Emperor.

105.

The goal of the First Crusade was to

a.	create a unified Roman church.	c.	take Jerusalem back from the Muslims.
b.	convert Muslims to Christianity.	d.	take Jerusalem and the Holy Land away from the Byzantines.

106.

The correct order of the feudal pyramid from least important to most important would be

a.	serf, peasant, knight, lord, king	c.	serf, knight, peasant, lord, king
b.	king, lord, peasant, serf	d.	peasant, serf, lord, knight, king

107.

Which of the following founded new towns during the medieval period?

a.	feudal lords	c.	bishops
b.	merchants	d.	farmers

108.

What was not improved by the use of steam engines in the 19th century?

a.	manufacturing	c.	air quality
b.	transportation	d.	farming

109.

Having a worldly focus rather than a spiritual one:

a.	renaissance	c.	utopia
b.	vernacular	d.	secular

110.

Which of the following explorer’s thought he had reached the Asian islands known as the Indies when he had actually reached the Caribbean Islands?

a.	Henry the Navigator	c.	Pedro Cabral
b.	Christopher Columbus	d.	Amerigo Vespucci

111.

Emperor Charles the V issued a proclamation to Germany telling the citizens that no one should give Martin Luther food, water, or shelter. This decree was known as the:

a.	Edict of Worms	c.	the Peace of Versailles
b.	Peace of Augsburg	d.	Emancipation Proclamation

112.

The buyers of art who were often times wealthy individuals, city governments, or the church. A term referring to people who comissioned artists to create their masterpieces.

a.	machiavellian	c.	humanist
b.	medici	d.	patron

113.

Islam spread to places such as West Africa and Southeast Asia because

a.	Muslim traders traveled there.
b.	Muslims fought major battles there.
c.	escaped Umayyad princes set up dynasties there.
d.	the Abbasids conquered those lands.

114.

What was an effect of the Columbian Exchange?

a.	The exchange of foods and animals had a dramatic impact on later societies.
b.	Native American diseases destroyed European populations.
c.	Triangular trade became less profitable.
d.	Llamas began to be used as beasts of burden.

115.

How did the Renaissance contribute to the Age of Exploration?

a.	by persuading Europeans that the pursuit of wealth was all-important
b.	by emphasizing the importance of converting people to Christianity
c.	by fostering a belief in the importance of working as a group
d.	by awakening a spirit of discovery and innovation in Europe

116.

Feudalism was a new system of what?

a.	taxing and collecting	c.	governing and landholding
b.	structuring Byzantine society	d.	money lending

117.

What is the correct order of the education of a knight?

a.	age 7 page, age 14 squire, age 21 knight	c.	age 7 squire, age 14 knight, age 21 page
b.	age 7 page, age 14 knight, age 21 squire	d.	age 7 knight, age 14 page, age 21 squire

118.

Europe became a feudal society because

a.	Europeans needed to defend themselves against constant raids and invasions.
b.	skilled craftspeople had emerged as farming techniques improved.
c.	the church demanded a change from traditional ways.
d.	the rarity of cash required land to be used as a payment for services.

119.

To gain slaves for their American based plantations, European traders would bring which of the following items to the West Coast of Africa?

a.	textiles, gold, cotton	c.	tobacco, cotton, sugar
b.	jewels, gold, alcohol	d.	guns, alcohol, textiles

Completion
Complete each statement.

120.

The ____________________ played a key role in the Age of Exploration because it let sailors know at any time which direction was north.

121.

Huge estates in the Americas called ____________________ grew cash crops such as sugar and tobacco.

122.

Muslims worship in a building called a ____________________.

123.

King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table adhered to the code of ____________________.

124.

One requirement for the devout Muslim is ____________________, or “struggle for the faith.”

125.

The ____________________ was a devastating plague that killed as many as one in three people in Europe.

126.

____________________ was the Muslim leader who retained control of the Holy Land during the Third Crusade.

127.

The five basic acts of worship that are central to Islam are called the ______________________________.

128.

The ____________________ Crusade was the only one in which the Crusaders achieved their goal.

129.

The _________________________ refers to the global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas.

130.

Followers of ____________________ are known as Muslims.

131.

Europe’s first banks were created as the use of currency and ____________________ increased, especially at trade fairs.

132.

When he reached the Caribbean islands, the Italian sailor _________________________ believed he had reached the Asian islands known as the Indies.

133.

People banded together in trade organizations called ____________________ to protect their common interests.

134.

A group of Muslims called ____________________ seek a mystical, personal connection with God.

135.

____________________, which were usually held in towns, had an astonishing variety of goods available and attracted huge crowds of people.

136.

Small bands of ____________________, or nomadic Arab peoples, moved their herds between scattered oases on the Arabian Peninsula.

137.

The sacred text of Islam is called the ____________________.

Short Answer

138.

How did the Atlantic slave trade alter the course of African history and change the newly forming history of the American colonies?

139.

Analyze the design of castles to explain their defense mechanisms and also analyze the methods in which invaders would attack and break into a castle.

140.

Explain the fedual class system of Japan and compare and contrast the system with that of feudal Europe.

141.

Explain the causes and effects of the Medieval Crusades to the city of Jerusalem making sure to cite 2 specific causes and 2 specific effects.

142.

Name and describe the Five Pillars of Islam.

143.

Describe what it might have been like to live in a European city during the Middle Ages.

144.

How did the Industrial Revolution change life for Americans’ whose lives were largely based on agriculture at the time? Give at least 3 specific examples of changes resulting directly from the Industrial Revolution.

145.

What were living conditions like for enslaved Africans working on plantations?

146.

Explain the Triangle Trade, making sure to cover the three “legs” of the triangle and what was traded between the three different locations.